NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – An updated literature review found no new evidence that vitamin D supplementation has an effect on most non-skeletal conditions, though it suggests there could be protective effects on all-cause and cancer-related deaths.
In their previous review on the health effects of vitamin D, Dr. Philippe Autier from the International Prevention Research Institute in Lyon, France, and colleagues evaluated relevant data published through the end of 2012, including seven meta-analyses and 88 trials not included in meta-analyses. That review found no evidence of a protective effect of vitamin D on non-skeletal conditions.
Their updated review, online October 25 in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, included 28 new meta-analyses and 100 trials published between 2013 and 2017 and came to similar conclusions. However, the researchers say, the more recent meta-analyses support earlier findings that 10 to 20 micrograms daily of vitamin D can reduce death from any cause and death from cancer in middle-aged and older adults.
“The meta-analyses included in this review that had different article selection and subgroup analyses continue to support the finding of a longer life expectancy after ordinary doses of vitamin D (20-30 micrograms/day) are given to middle-aged and older people, mainly when they are in hospital or living in an institution,” they write. They note that the 6% reduction in all-cause mortality found with vitamin D3 supplementation is in a similar range as the 9% mortality reduction seen in meta-analyses of statin trials.
And while vitamin D doses were higher than those assessed in the past, they found no new evidence that supplementation could have an effect on most non-skeletal conditions, including cardiovascular disease, adiposity, glucose metabolism, mood disorders, muscular function, tuberculosis, and colorectal adenomas, or on maternal and perinatal conditions.
There wasn’t much new data on cancer outcomes, they say, and no strong evidence to suggest an effect of vitamin D supplementation on biomarkers of systemic inflammation.
“The main new finding highlighted by this systematic review is that vitamin D supplementation might help to prevent common upper respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations,” the authors report. It’s possible, they say, that vitamin D supplementation may exert immunomodulatory effects that strengthen resistance to acute infections.
“The results of meta-analyses and trials in people with low 25(OH)D concentrations at baseline do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation has a greater effect in these individuals,” they point out.
Summing up, Dr. Autier and colleagues say determining “the real potential of a cheap drug such as vitamin D could be invaluable to public health worldwide.” Over the next decade, as many as 1,000 trials of vitamin D supplementation will likely be reported. “We identified many meta-analyses of suboptimal quality, which is of concern. Future systematic reviews on vitamin D should be based on data sharing so that data for participants with the same outcomes measured in the same way can be pooled to generate stronger evidence,” they conclude.
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/2hURrGD
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017.
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