NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Late-pregnancy exposure to COX-2 inhibitors appears to be associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, researchers from Canada report.
“Our findings show that regardless of whether NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), COX-2 inhibitors, or biologics are given for autoimmune diseases or not (taking into account the indication or not), celecoxib is the only one associated with an increased risk of prematurity in singleton live births,” Dr. Anick Berard from CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal told Reuters Health by email.
Previous studies on the safety of NSAIDs during pregnancy have focused mainly on the risk of miscarriage, birth defects and persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn resulting from premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, with little examination of a possible relationship between their use and the risk of preterm birth.
Dr. Berard’s team used data from the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort to quantify the risk of premature birth associated with the use of NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and biologic agents in the three months before delivery.
Among more than 156,000 pregnancies, only 448 (0.29%) were exposed to one of the study medications in the three months prior to delivery, the researchers report in Pain, online January 18.
Overall, 7.1% of pregnancies ended before 37 weeks’ gestation, including 11.4% of those exposed to NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors and 7.1% of those not exposed.
After adjustment for potential confounders, including maternal autoimmune disease, only COX-2 inhibitor use during late pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of prematurity (odds ratio, 2.46, based on 10 exposed cases).
Celecoxib, in particular, was associated with 3.41-fold increased odds (based on 6 exposed cases).
In subgroup analyses, the association between exposure to NSAIDs/COX-2 inhibitors in late pregnancy and the risk of prematurity was evident only among very preterm and extremely preterm deliveries, with no significant association for the risk of moderate to late preterm deliveries.
Late pregnancy exposure to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was not associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (based on 28 exposed cases).
Early pregnancy exposure to NSAIDs/COX-2 inhibitors was not associated with the risk of prematurity.
Among the potential limitations of the study, the researchers note, were a lack of data on use of over-the-counter NSAIDs and important covariates such as smoking status and maternal body weight. Moreover, the small numbers of exposed cases resulted in low statistical power and unstable risk estimates for most specific NSAIDs.
“Pain control during pregnancy needs to take into account a multitude of issues, including the risk of prematurity,” Dr. Berard said. “Given the findings of our study, and specifically with regard to the risk of prematurity, more caution should be given to the use of these medications in the 3 months before delivery.”
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/2nQmi9g
Pain 2018.
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